Question 1

What is the Meaning of Mannitol?

Accepted Answer

Mannitol is a polyol, or sugar alcohol, classified pharmacologically as an osmotic diuretic agent that is poorly metabolized by the body. Clinically, it is primarily used in intravenous formulations to rapidly reduce intracranial pressure and treat cerebral edema by drawing fluid out of brain tissue. In the pharmaceutical context, it also serves as an excipient, acting as a diluent or binder in various oral solid dosage forms, including hormone preparations.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Mannitol?

Accepted Answer

Mannitol is a naturally occurring compound found in many plants, fungi, and algae; its name is derived from manna, the biblical food, as it was first isolated from the secretions of the manna ash tree. Its therapeutic use as an osmotic agent dates back to the mid-20th century. The chemical structure is an isomer of sorbitol, highlighting its classification as a hexahydric alcohol.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Mannitol?

Accepted Answer

As an osmotic diuretic, Mannitol exerts its primary effect by being freely filtered at the renal glomerulus but undergoing minimal tubular reabsorption. Its presence in the renal tubules creates a hypertonic environment, which impedes the passive reabsorption of water, leading to increased water and electrolyte excretion. When administered intravenously, its inability to cross the blood-brain barrier creates a high osmotic gradient, drawing excess water from the brain parenchyma into the plasma, thereby reducing intracranial volume and pressure.

Mannitol

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

How Do Excipients Affect Peptide Shelf Life and Potency?

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