Male Secondary Sexual Characteristics are the physical traits that distinguish adult males from females but are not directly involved in reproduction. These features develop primarily during puberty under the influence of androgens and serve as visual and physiological markers of sexual maturity and hormonal status. Key characteristics include increased muscle mass, a deeper voice due to laryngeal enlargement, the development of facial and body hair, and specific changes in skeletal structure, such as a broader shoulder girdle and a more prominent jawline. These characteristics are central to sexual dimorphism in humans.
Origin
This is a fundamental concept in human biology, endocrinology, and developmental science, distinguishing the sex-specific traits that emerge during adolescence. The term “secondary” differentiates these features from the primary sexual characteristics, which are the reproductive organs. Its clinical relevance lies in assessing the progression of puberty and the adequacy of androgenic function.
Mechanism
The development of these characteristics is almost entirely driven by the elevated secretion of testosterone and its potent metabolite, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), beginning in puberty. These hormones bind to androgen receptors in various target tissues, triggering tissue-specific responses. Testosterone primarily mediates muscle hypertrophy and voice deepening, while DHT is crucial for the development of terminal hair (beard and body hair) and certain skeletal changes. The intensity and timing of this hormonal surge dictate the final extent of these visible and structural changes.
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