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Magnesium Homeostasis

Meaning

Magnesium homeostasis refers to the tightly regulated physiological process that maintains a stable, optimal concentration of magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) within the extracellular fluid and intracellular compartments. This crucial mineral is an essential cofactor for over 300 enzymatic reactions, including those vital for ATP production, hormone synthesis, and signal transduction. Magnesium plays a direct, critical role in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, the activation of vitamin D, and maintaining overall bone health. Imbalances, such as hypomagnesemia, can lead to significant endocrine dysfunction, severely affecting insulin sensitivity, neuromuscular excitability, and the metabolism of other key electrolytes.