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Macrophages

Meaning

Macrophages are large, versatile phagocytic cells derived from monocytes, which are central to the innate immune system and play a critical role in tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and tissue repair. These immune cells are strategically positioned throughout the body and function as the primary scavengers, engulfing cellular debris, pathogens, and foreign substances. Macrophages exhibit remarkable plasticity, polarizing into different functional subtypes, such as pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory/repair M2 phenotypes, depending on local cytokine signals. Their hormonal responsiveness means they are a key link between the endocrine and immune systems.