Low-Level Systemic Inflammation, often termed “metaflammation” or “sterile inflammation,” is a chronic, subclinical activation of the innate immune system characterized by persistently elevated, yet mild, circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase reactants, such as C-reactive protein (CRP). This subtle, non-infectious inflammatory state does not typically produce overt acute symptoms but acts as a constant biological stressor, gradually contributing to endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, and the progression of age-related chronic diseases. Identifying and mitigating this silent process is a cornerstone of preventative health.
Origin
The concept emerged from epidemiological and molecular studies that linked subtle, long-term elevations of inflammatory markers to increased cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome. It expanded the traditional view of inflammation as an acute response to injury to include a chronic, metabolically driven process. The “systemic” nature emphasizes its pervasive effect across all organ systems.
Mechanism
This inflammatory state is often triggered by chronic metabolic stressors, including visceral adiposity, gut dysbiosis, and persistent psychological stress. Adipocytes and immune cells release pro-inflammatory mediators that circulate throughout the body, activating immune cells and endothelial cells. These mediators interfere with hormonal signaling, such as insulin and leptin, and promote oxidative stress, leading to a gradual erosion of tissue function and contributing to the chronicity of systemic imbalance.
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