What is the Origin of Low-Intensity Sustained State Cardio?

This term is a specific delineation within exercise physiology, contrasting with high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Its application in the hormonal health domain stems from the realization that excessive high-intensity stress can chronically elevate cortisol, leading to hormonal imbalance. LISS provides a stress-mitigating form of cardiorespiratory conditioning.

What is the Mechanism of Low-Intensity Sustained State Cardio?

Performing exercise in Zone 2 ensures that the demand for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is met almost entirely by the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, preferentially utilizing free fatty acids as fuel. This sustained stimulus selectively promotes mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells and increases the activity of key enzymes involved in fat oxidation. Furthermore, the low-stress nature of the exercise maintains a low cortisol-to-testosterone ratio, which is favorable for both hormonal balance and long-term recovery.

Low-Intensity Sustained State Cardio ∞ Area

Low-Intensity Sustained State Cardio

Meaning

Low-Intensity Sustained State (LISS) Cardio refers to continuous aerobic physical activity performed at a consistently moderate effort level, typically maintaining a heart rate within Zone 2, which corresponds to the maximal rate of fat oxidation. This specific intensity is clinically favored for enhancing mitochondrial function, improving metabolic flexibility, and minimizing the detrimental catabolic stress response associated with high-intensity exercise. The primary physiological goal is to improve the efficiency of the aerobic energy system.