What is the Origin of Long-Term Depression?

The term is foundational to neurophysiology, originating from electrophysiological studies in the hippocampus and cerebellum that demonstrated the ability of synapses to undergo enduring changes in strength following specific patterns of low-frequency stimulation. This discovery provided a cellular basis for the malleability of neural circuits.

What is the Mechanism of Long-Term Depression?

The induction of LTD is typically triggered by a modest and sustained influx of calcium ions into the postsynaptic neuron, often through NMDA receptors, which is insufficient to trigger the LTP cascade. This lower calcium concentration selectively activates protein phosphatases, leading to the internalization of postsynaptic AMPA receptors, thereby reducing the cell's sensitivity to subsequent glutamate release. Hormonal influences, particularly neurosteroids, can modulate the threshold for LTD induction, impacting overall synaptic flexibility and cognitive function.

Long-Term Depression

Meaning

Long-Term Depression (LTD) is a form of synaptic plasticity characterized by a persistent, activity-dependent reduction in the efficacy of synaptic transmission between two neurons, lasting from minutes to hours. This cellular mechanism is considered the inverse of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) and is critical for processes such as learning, memory storage, and the elimination of unnecessary neural connections within the central nervous system. LTD is a key regulator of neuronal network refinement and information processing.

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Your Brain Is Plastic Your Potential Is Not

Your brain's wiring is adaptable; your peak performance is a state you can build and make permanent.

∞ Deliberate Practice
∞ Cognitive Architecture
∞ Focused Attention

HRTioAugust 4, 2025

How Do Androgen Receptors Influence Brain Plasticity?

Androgen receptors translate testosterone's messages into the physical upkeep and refinement of the brain's memory circuits.

∞ Hormonal Optimization
∞ Dendritic Spines
∞ Long-Term Depression (LTD)

HRTioAugust 1, 2025

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Can Aromatase Inhibitors Influence Mood and Cognitive Function?

Aromatase inhibitors can disrupt mood and cognition by depleting the brain of estradiol, a vital neurosteroid for synaptic health and emotional regulation.

∞ Testosterone Replacement Therapy
∞ Long-Term Depression
∞ Estradiol

HRTioJuly 25, 2025

Long-Term Depression

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

Your Brain Is Plastic Your Potential Is Not

How Do Androgen Receptors Influence Brain Plasticity?

Can Aromatase Inhibitors Influence Mood and Cognitive Function?

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