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Load Specificity

Meaning

Load specificity is a fundamental principle of exercise physiology asserting that the physiological adaptations induced by resistance training are highly specific to the magnitude of the mechanical load applied to the musculoskeletal system. This means that a heavy load (high percentage of Maximal Voluntary Contraction) primarily drives strength gains and neural adaptation, while moderate loads often optimize hypertrophic responses. Clinically, understanding load specificity allows for the precise prescription of resistance exercise to achieve targeted outcomes, such as increasing bone mineral density or improving muscle power output. The magnitude of the load determines the recruitment pattern of motor units.