The biological and therapeutic stimulation of lipolysis, the metabolic process by which triglycerides stored in adipose tissue are hydrolyzed into glycerol and free fatty acids. This process is essential for mobilizing stored energy reserves for use by other tissues, particularly during periods of fasting or increased energy demand. Effective promotion is a key component of body composition management and metabolic health.
Origin
This concept is fundamental to biochemistry and energy metabolism, with the term “lipolysis” combining the Greek lipos (fat) and lysis (to loosen or break down). Clinical strategies for promotion emerged from the study of fasting physiology and the mechanisms of action of key metabolic hormones. It is directly relevant to managing energy substrate availability.
Mechanism
Lipolysis is primarily regulated by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), enzymes whose activity is upregulated by catecholamines, growth hormone, and glucagon. These hormones bind to adipocyte receptors, activating a cyclic AMP signaling cascade that phosphorylates and activates HSL. The function is to ensure the controlled release of energy substrates from fat cells into the circulation for systemic utilization.
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