Light-Based Therapeutics encompass the clinical application of specific wavelengths and intensities of light, precisely timed, to influence biological processes for therapeutic benefit. These interventions are primarily used to modulate the circadian system, regulate hormone secretion, and enhance cellular function, often without the systemic side effects associated with pharmacological agents. Examples include bright light therapy for circadian rhythm disorders and photobiomodulation for tissue repair and inflammation management.
Origin
This is a modern term integrating photobiology and clinical practice, acknowledging the profound impact of light on human physiology beyond vision. The foundational principle lies in chronobiology, recognizing light as the most potent zeitgeber for the circadian system. The therapeutic application evolved from early studies on seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and jet lag, leading to a wider use for sleep, mood, and hormonal regulation.
Mechanism
The mechanism involves two primary pathways: the non-visual effects on the circadian clock and direct cellular effects. Specific wavelengths of blue-enriched light are detected by melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells, which signal directly to the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN), regulating the suppression of melatonin and phase-shifting the master clock. In photobiomodulation, specific red and near-infrared light wavelengths penetrate tissue to stimulate mitochondrial function, potentially increasing ATP production and reducing oxidative stress at the cellular level.
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