Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a specific, extensively studied species of Gram-positive, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic bacteria that naturally inhabits the human gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts. It is widely utilized as a probiotic, meaning it confers a health benefit on the host, particularly by supporting the integrity of the gut barrier and modulating local and systemic immune responses. Certain strains are commercially administered to support digestive and immune health.
Origin
The genus name Lactobacillus is derived from the Latin lactis (milk) and bacillus (rod), describing its shape and its ability to produce lactic acid through carbohydrate fermentation. The species name rhamnosus refers to rhamnose, a sugar often utilized in its laboratory culture. Its clinical application is based on decades of microbiological research establishing its role as a beneficial member of the human microbiome.
Mechanism
This bacterium exerts its beneficial effects through several key mechanisms, including competitive exclusion of pathogenic organisms by adhering strongly to the intestinal mucosa and producing antimicrobial compounds like bacteriocins and lactic acid. Furthermore, L. rhamnosus strains enhance the integrity of the epithelial barrier by modulating the expression of tight junction proteins. Its metabolic byproducts, such as short-chain fatty acids, also influence host immune-endocrine signaling and metabolic health.
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