What is the Origin of Keratin?

The term derives from the Greek word keras, meaning "horn," reflecting its hard, resilient nature. Its biochemical classification identifies it as an intermediate filament protein, essential for cytoskeletal scaffolding in epithelial cells. This protein's presence is a defining characteristic of vertebrates.

What is the Mechanism of Keratin?

The production and quality of keratin are profoundly influenced by the endocrine system, specifically by thyroid hormones and sex steroids. Thyroid hormones regulate the proliferation and differentiation rate of keratinocytes. Estrogen and androgen receptors on these cells modulate gene expression, impacting the keratin structure's moisture content and disulfide bond formation, thereby affecting the strength and appearance of hair and nails.

Keratin ∞ Area

Keratin

Meaning

Keratin is a family of tough, fibrous structural proteins that form the primary constituent of the outer layer of human skin, hair, and nails, providing them with structural integrity, resilience, and a protective barrier function. These proteins are synthesized by keratinocytes in the epidermis and are crucial for mechanical strength and water retention. It is a fundamental component of the integumentary system.