What is the Origin of Iron Deficiency and Hypothyroidism?

This connection is rooted in nutritional biochemistry and clinical endocrinology, highlighting the dependence of the endocrine system on specific micronutrients. The observation that correcting iron deficiency can sometimes improve thyroid function led to the recognition of this critical interplay.

What is the Mechanism of Iron Deficiency and Hypothyroidism?

The primary mechanism involves iron's role as a cofactor for the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO), which catalyzes the final steps of thyroid hormone synthesis. Without sufficient iron, TPO activity is reduced, leading to impaired production of T4 and T3. Additionally, iron deficiency can compromise the peripheral conversion of the less active T4 into the biologically active T3, further contributing to a state of functional hypothyroidism at the cellular level.

Iron Deficiency and Hypothyroidism

Meaning

The clinical phenomenon where insufficient iron stores in the body (iron deficiency) can impair the synthesis and efficacy of thyroid hormones, potentially exacerbating or mimicking symptoms of an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). Iron is a necessary cofactor for the enzyme thyroid peroxidase, which is essential for the iodination of thyroglobulin to produce T4 and T3. Therefore, low iron levels can directly impede the thyroid gland’s ability to produce adequate hormones.