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Iron Deficiency

Meaning

Iron deficiency is a common nutritional and clinical condition defined by inadequate stores of iron to meet the body’s physiological demands, primarily for erythropoiesis and various enzymatic functions. This deficiency progresses from depleted iron stores to iron-restricted erythropoiesis and finally to iron deficiency anemia, characterized by reduced hemoglobin concentration and impaired oxygen-carrying capacity. Beyond anemia, iron is a critical cofactor for thyroid hormone synthesis and neurotransmitter production, meaning deficiency can profoundly affect energy levels, cognitive function, and hormonal balance. Clinical diagnosis requires evaluating serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and complete blood count parameters.