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Iron and Thyroid

Meaning

Iron and Thyroid refers to the critical and synergistic relationship between the trace mineral iron and the synthesis, metabolism, and action of thyroid hormones within the human body. Iron is an essential cofactor for the enzyme thyroid peroxidase (TPO), which is responsible for the organification of iodine and the coupling of iodotyrosines to form the primary thyroid hormones, T4 and T3. Furthermore, iron deficiency, or anemia, can impair the peripheral conversion of the relatively inactive T4 into the biologically active T3, leading to a state of functional hypothyroidism even with adequate TSH levels. This interdependence underscores the necessity of optimal iron status for robust thyroid function and overall metabolic health.