What is the Origin of Intranasal Administration?

The use of the nasal passages for therapeutic delivery is an ancient practice, but the modern clinical application for systemic drug absorption gained prominence with the need for non-invasive delivery of protein and peptide drugs. The method leverages the rich capillary network directly beneath the nasal epithelium. This approach is particularly relevant in endocrinology for administering neuropeptides, offering a more convenient alternative to injection.

What is the Mechanism of Intranasal Administration?

The drug's mechanism of entry into the systemic circulation involves passive diffusion or active transport across the mucosal epithelium and into the underlying capillary network. Crucially, the nasal route provides a unique pathway for certain agents to bypass the blood-brain barrier and directly access the central nervous system via olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways. This direct neuro-access is leveraged for administering hormones and neuropeptides that target hypothalamic or pituitary function, ensuring high local concentration and efficacy with lower systemic exposure.

Intranasal Administration

Meaning

Intranasal administration is a method of drug delivery where a therapeutic agent, often in a liquid or spray formulation, is introduced into the systemic circulation by absorption through the nasal mucosa. This route is clinically advantageous, particularly for peptides and certain hormones, because the nasal cavity offers a large, highly vascularized surface area and avoids the initial hepatic first-pass metabolism that oral medications undergo. It is frequently employed for agents that require rapid onset of action or poor oral bioavailability.

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Intranasal Administration

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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