Question 1

What is the Meaning of Interspecies Differences?

Accepted Answer

Interspecies differences refer to the fundamental physiological, biochemical, and genetic variations observed between different animal species, which significantly impact the extrapolation of pharmacological and toxicological data to human subjects. These variations include differences in hormone receptor density, metabolic enzyme activity, and the half-life of hormonal compounds. Recognizing these differences is crucial in translating preclinical animal studies to safe and effective clinical practice.

Question 2

What is the Origin of Interspecies Differences?

Accepted Answer

The concept is foundational to comparative physiology and toxicology, where animal models are routinely used to predict human response to drugs and hormones prior to human trials. The term highlights the inherent limitations of animal models, emphasizing that findings in a rodent or primate may not perfectly reflect human endocrinology or metabolism. This is particularly important for species-specific hormones and their synthetic analogs.

Question 3

What is the Mechanism of Interspecies Differences?

Accepted Answer

These differences operate at multiple levels, from genetic polymorphisms in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as the CYP450 system, to variations in the amino acid sequence of hormone receptors, altering binding affinity and signal transduction. For example, a hormonal agent may be rapidly metabolized and cleared in a non-human model, leading to a shorter observed half-life, but may persist much longer in humans due to differing hepatic enzyme profiles.

Interspecies Differences

Meaning

Origin

Mechanism

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