Interleukin-15 ∞ Area

Interleukin-15

Meaning

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine, a signaling protein crucial for immune system regulation. It primarily supports the development, survival, and proliferation of natural killer (NK) cells and specific T lymphocytes, particularly CD8+ memory T cells. This protein functions as a vital growth factor for these immune cell populations, influencing their sustained presence and function.

Context

Interleukin-15 is produced by various cells, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and some non-immune cells. Its presence is fundamental for maintaining immune homeostasis, supporting lymphocyte stability, and contributing to the body’s defense. The cytokine operates across both innate and adaptive immune branches, linking their functions effectively.

Significance

Clinically, Interleukin-15 is important due to its influence on immune surveillance and response. Dysregulated IL-15 levels can contribute to autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation, and certain cancers. Its capacity to promote cytotoxic lymphocyte expansion makes it a target in cancer immunotherapy, aiming to enhance anti-tumor immunity.

Mechanism

Interleukin-15 acts by binding to a specific receptor complex on target cells: IL-15Rα, IL-2/IL-15Rβ (CD122), and common gamma (CD132) chains. This binding activates intracellular signaling, primarily the JAK/STAT pathway, alongside PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. These pathways promote cell survival, proliferation, and effector functions.

Application

In clinical practice, Interleukin-15 is under investigation for its therapeutic potential, especially in oncology. It is explored as a standalone agent or combined with other immunotherapies to boost natural killer cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses against cancer. Its relevance also extends to understanding immune deficiencies and chronic viral infections.

Metric

Interleukin-15 levels can be measured in biological fluids like serum or plasma using quantitative immunoassays such as ELISA. In research, its biological activity is assessed by monitoring target immune cell proliferation or activation markers. Changes in circulating lymphocyte counts, particularly NK and CD8+ T cells, may indirectly indicate its activity.

Risk

Administering exogenous Interleukin-15 carries potential clinical risks, mainly related to immune system overstimulation. These risks include systemic inflammatory responses, cytokine release syndrome, or adverse effects on healthy tissues from widespread immune activation. For individuals with pre-existing autoimmune conditions, its use could worsen disease, requiring careful patient selection and close medical supervision.

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HRTioAugust 3, 2025

Interleukin-15

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

How Do Specific Myokines Influence Systemic Metabolic Pathways?

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