What is the Origin of Integrin Binding?

The term is derived from "integrin," a portmanteau of integral and protein, emphasizing its role in integrating the cellular and extracellular environments, combined with "binding," the molecular interaction. The discovery of integrins clarified how cells sense and respond to the physical properties of their surrounding matrix, a critical step in understanding tissue mechanics.

What is the Mechanism of Integrin Binding?

Integrin binding to ECM components like collagen or fibronectin initiates a bidirectional signaling cascade known as outside-in and inside-out signaling. Outside-in signaling alters the cell's cytoskeleton and gene expression in response to the matrix stiffness or composition. Conversely, inside-out signaling modifies the integrin's affinity for its ligand based on internal cellular needs, thus mediating critical processes like cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation, all of which are tightly influenced by systemic hormones.

Integrin Binding ∞ Area

Integrin Binding

Meaning

Integrin Binding describes the specific interaction between integrin transmembrane receptors on the cell surface and ligands within the extracellular matrix (ECM) or on other cells. Integrins are essential for cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix adhesion, serving as crucial mechanosensors and signaling hubs. They effectively link the external physical environment to the internal cellular machinery, and this binding event is vital for tissue architecture, immune response, and hormonal signaling.