What is the Origin of Insulin-to-Glucagon Ratio?

The importance of this bi-hormonal axis was first formalized in the mid-20th century, notably by Roger Unger, who proposed that the IGR, rather than the absolute concentration of either hormone, dictates the metabolic events in the liver. The concept stems from the recognition of the opposing but coordinated actions of these two peptide hormones.

What is the Mechanism of Insulin-to-Glucagon Ratio?

A high IGR, typically seen after a carbohydrate-rich meal, signals an anabolic state, promoting glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and lipogenesis in the liver and muscle. Conversely, a low IGR, characteristic of fasting or starvation, signals a catabolic state, stimulating hepatic glucose production through gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. The ratio acts as a master switch, controlling the flow of energy substrates to ensure a stable internal fuel supply.

Insulin-to-Glucagon Ratio ∞ Area

Insulin-to-Glucagon Ratio

Meaning

The insulin-to-glucagon ratio (IGR) is a calculated metric that compares the circulating concentrations of the two principal pancreatic hormones, insulin and glucagon. This ratio is a critical determinant of the body’s overall metabolic state, reflecting the balance between anabolic (building) and catabolic (breaking down) processes. It provides a more nuanced understanding of glucose homeostasis than measuring either hormone in isolation.