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Insulin Resistance and Hormones

Meaning

Insulin resistance is a pathophysiological state in which cells throughout the body, particularly in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue, exhibit a diminished response to the action of insulin, a key anabolic hormone. This reduced sensitivity necessitates the pancreas to secrete abnormally high levels of insulin (hyperinsulinemia) to maintain normal blood glucose levels. The interplay between insulin resistance and other hormones, such as cortisol, androgens, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), creates a complex endocrine environment that contributes to conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and metabolic syndrome. Addressing the underlying insulin signaling defect is critical for restoring overall hormonal balance.