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Insulin Receptor Substrate (IRS-1)

Meaning

Insulin Receptor Substrate 1, or IRS-1, is a pivotal intracellular adaptor protein that serves as a central relay point in the signaling cascade initiated by the binding of insulin to its cell surface receptor. Upon activation of the insulin receptor, IRS-1 undergoes extensive tyrosine phosphorylation, transforming it into a crucial docking site for numerous downstream signaling proteins. Its function is essential for regulating glucose metabolism, promoting cellular growth, and mediating survival signals. Impaired function or reduced expression of IRS-1 is a key molecular defect associated with the clinical state of insulin resistance.