The Inflammation Resolution Phase is the active, genetically programmed biological process that orchestrates the orderly termination of acute inflammation and promotes tissue healing and a return to homeostatic balance. This is not a passive cessation of inflammation but an intricate, highly regulated phase involving the synthesis and release of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) derived from fatty acids. Clinically, a failure to successfully enter this phase is the primary mechanism by which acute inflammation transitions into a chronic, low-grade state.
Origin
This concept is a relatively modern paradigm shift in immunology, moving beyond the traditional view of inflammation as a simple process of initiation and passive decline. The term’s origin is rooted in the discovery of lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins, which are endogenous molecules that actively signal the end of the inflammatory response. This understanding has redefined chronic disease as a failure of resolution, rather than just a failure to prevent initiation.
Mechanism
The mechanism is mediated by a class of endogenous lipid molecules, the Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators (SPMs), which actively dampen neutrophil infiltration, stimulate the clearance of cellular debris by macrophages, and promote tissue regeneration. These mediators work by binding to specific G-protein coupled receptors on immune cells, essentially reprogramming them from a pro-inflammatory to a pro-resolving phenotype. Effective resolution is paramount for preventing chronic inflammation from disrupting sensitive endocrine tissues.
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