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Immunoneuroendocrinology

Meaning

A highly specialized, interdisciplinary field of study that investigates the complex, bidirectional communication and regulatory pathways between the immune system, the nervous system, and the endocrine system. This discipline explores how hormones and neurotransmitters modulate immune responses, and conversely, how immune signaling molecules, such as cytokines, influence the brain and endocrine glands. It provides a unified perspective on systemic homeostasis and disease.