What is the Origin of Immune Senescence?

The term combines "immune," referring to the body's defense system, with "senescence," a biological term for the process of aging or deterioration. It is a core concept in immunogerontology and longevity research, highlighting the intimate link between aging and immune function. The clinical focus is on mitigating this decline to extend healthspan.

What is the Mechanism of Immune Senescence?

As the immune system ages, there is a shift from adaptive immunity to innate immunity dominance, marked by reduced T-cell receptor diversity and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6 and TNF-α. This chronic inflammatory state disrupts the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin and other metabolic hormones. Furthermore, the impaired clearance of senescent cells perpetuates a cycle of dysfunction, accelerating overall biological aging and compromising endocrine resilience.

Immune Senescence ∞ Area

Immune Senescence

Meaning

Immune senescence is the progressive, age-associated decline in the functional capacity and efficiency of the immune system, leading to a reduced ability to respond to new pathogens and a chronic, low-grade state of systemic inflammation, often termed “inflammaging.” This deterioration involves the involution of the thymus, decreased output of naive T cells, and an accumulation of senescent immune cells. It is a critical driver of age-related vulnerability and a key factor in the development of chronic metabolic and hormonal disorders.