What is the Origin of IL-6?

The term Interleukin-6 was established following its identification as a factor mediating communication between leukocytes (white blood cells), hence the prefix "Interleukin." Its discovery in the early 1980s was a significant step in characterizing the complex network of cytokine signaling that regulates immune and inflammatory responses. Subsequent research revealed its broader roles, including its function as a myokine released during muscle contraction and an adipokine released from fat tissue.

What is the Mechanism of IL-6?

IL-6 exerts its effects by binding to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) on target cells, which then recruits the signal-transducing glycoprotein gp130. This receptor-ligand complex activates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, leading to the transcription of various inflammatory and metabolic genes. Its mechanism involves coordinating the systemic response to infection or tissue damage, such as inducing fever and stimulating the production of acute phase proteins by the liver. In chronic disease, however, persistent IL-6 signaling drives pathological inflammation and disrupts metabolic and hormonal equilibrium.

IL-6 ∞ Area

IL-6

Meaning

IL-6, or Interleukin-6, is a pleiotropic cytokine, a type of signaling protein primarily recognized for its role in mediating the acute phase of the inflammatory and immune response. As an endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factor, IL-6 is produced by various cell types, including immune cells, muscle cells, and adipose tissue, acting as a critical communicator between the immune system and the endocrine system. Chronically elevated levels of IL-6 are a key biomarker and driver of systemic low-grade inflammation, which is clinically implicated in insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease, and age-related hormonal decline.