Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a hormone with critical roles in promoting growth during childhood and in maintaining tissue health and facilitating repair in adults.
Context
Primarily synthesized by the liver in response to growth hormone (GH), IGF-1 circulates in the bloodstream and exerts its effects on various tissues, including bone, muscle, and cartilage, acting as a key mediator of GH action.
Significance
IGF-1 is essential for achieving optimal bone mass and muscle development during adolescence and plays a continuing role in cellular metabolism, protein synthesis, and tissue regeneration throughout adulthood, influencing overall health and aging.
Mechanism
IGF-1 binds to its specific receptor (IGF-1R) on target cells, initiating intracellular signaling cascades that promote cell growth, division, and protein synthesis, while also influencing metabolic processes like glucose and lipid regulation.
Application
Clinical assessment of IGF-1 levels is used to diagnose GH deficiency or excess, monitor growth disorders in children, and evaluate conditions such as acromegaly. It is also researched for potential applications in anti-aging and regenerative medicine.
Metric
Circulating levels of IGF-1 are measured via serum blood tests. These values are typically interpreted in conjunction with growth hormone levels and the individual’s specific clinical presentation.
Risk
Elevated IGF-1 levels may be associated with an increased risk of certain cancers and conditions like acromegaly, whereas low levels can indicate GH deficiency, impacting growth and metabolic health.
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