What is the Meaning of IGF-1?

IGF-1, or Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, is a potent peptide hormone structurally homologous to insulin, serving as the primary mediator of the anabolic and growth-promoting effects of Growth Hormone (GH). Primarily synthesized and secreted by the liver in response to GH stimulation, IGF-1 acts systemically to promote cellular proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and stimulate tissue growth, particularly in muscle, bone, and cartilage. Maintaining optimal IGF-1 levels is crucial for metabolic health and tissue regeneration.

What is the Origin of IGF-1?

The term reflects its structural similarity to insulin and its function as a key factor in growth. It was initially identified as "sulfation factor" due to its ability to stimulate sulfate incorporation into cartilage, a measure of growth. The discovery of its close regulatory relationship with Growth Hormone established the critical GH-IGF-1 axis, a central endocrine pathway for somatic growth and metabolism.

What is the Mechanism of IGF-1?

The mechanism of IGF-1 action is initiated by its binding to the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), a tyrosine kinase receptor found on the surface of most cells. This binding activates the receptor's intrinsic kinase activity, triggering a complex intracellular signaling cascade, most notably the PI3K/Akt pathway. This pathway is a master regulator of cellular survival and proliferation, translating the systemic GH signal into localized, tissue-specific anabolic and anti-catabolic effects essential for tissue repair and maintenance.

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