Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a crucial polypeptide hormone that mediates the majority of Growth Hormone’s (GH) anabolic and mitogenic effects throughout the body. It is predominantly synthesized by the liver in response to GH stimulation. Clinically, IGF-1 levels serve as a more reliable indicator of integrated GH status over time compared to episodic GH measurements.
Origin
IGF-1 was identified as a mediator of GH’s actions on growth, initially termed “somatomedin.” Its name reflects structural similarity to insulin and its role in growth promotion.
Mechanism
The primary mechanism involves IGF-1 binding to the IGF-1 receptor, initiating tyrosine kinase signaling cascades that promote cellular proliferation, differentiation, and tissue accretion, particularly in bone and muscle. This action is downstream of the pituitary release of GH, demonstrating a classic endocrine cascade. Maintaining optimal IGF-1 levels is vital for metabolic health and preventing sarcopenia.
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