These pathways describe the complex intracellular routes activated upon the binding of IGF-1 to its cognate receptor, the IGF-1R, a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. Activation triggers a cascade that profoundly influences cellular survival, proliferation, and metabolism, acting downstream of the somatotropic axis. Understanding these specific routes allows clinicians to predict tissue-level responses to changes in systemic IGF-1 concentrations.
Origin
Originating in cell biology, “signaling pathways” refers to the chain of molecular interactions transmitting an external signal into a specific cellular response. The IGF-1 pathway is one of the most conserved and vital anabolic signaling systems in mammalian physiology.
Mechanism
The primary mechanism involves receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation of the IGF-1R, creating docking sites for adaptor proteins like IRS-1. This initiates two main branches: the PI3K/Akt pathway, which drives anabolic processes and cell survival, and the Ras/MAPK pathway, which regulates gene expression related to cell division. These pathways integrate metabolic signals, such as insulin action, to determine the ultimate cellular fate regarding growth and longevity.
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