The complex homeostatic control of Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), a peptide hormone primarily synthesized in the liver in response to Growth Hormone (GH) stimulation. IGF-1 is a crucial mediator of growth, cellular proliferation, and tissue maintenance throughout the body. Its regulation is a key factor in metabolic health, body composition, and the processes of aging and longevity.
Origin
IGF-1 was initially identified as “sulfation factor” in the mid-20th century, recognizing its role in mediating the effects of growth hormone on cartilage. The term “regulation” emphasizes the tight control exerted by the hypothalamic-pituitary-liver axis. Understanding its complex role in anabolism and catabolism is central to endocrinology.
Mechanism
Growth Hormone, released from the pituitary gland, stimulates the liver to synthesize and secrete IGF-1, which then circulates bound to specific binding proteins (IGFBPs). This binding regulates its bioavailability and half-life. IGF-1 exerts its effects by binding to the IGF-1 receptor, activating downstream signaling pathways like the PI3K/Akt pathway, which promotes cell growth, inhibits apoptosis, and modulates glucose metabolism.
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