Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) decline refers to the age-associated reduction in circulating levels of this anabolic peptide hormone, which mediates much of the growth hormone (GH) axis’s peripheral effects. This decrease signifies a functional shift in the somatotropic system, impacting tissue maintenance and metabolic homeostasis. Low IGF-1 levels are frequently correlated with sarcopenia, reduced bone mineral density, and impaired cellular repair mechanisms in older adults. Assessing this parameter offers insight into an individual’s overall anabolic capacity.
Origin
IGF-1 stands for Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, a peptide structurally similar to insulin, produced primarily by the liver under the stimulation of pituitary growth hormone (GH). The term reflects its functional homology to insulin while recognizing its distinct role in mediating skeletal and soft tissue growth and maintenance. Its decline is intrinsically linked to the natural aging process affecting the GH/IGF-1 axis.
Mechanism
The reduction in circulating IGF-1 concentration typically occurs due to diminished hepatic sensitivity to circulating GH, a phenomenon often termed GH resistance, which becomes more prevalent with advancing age. This reduced hepatic output lowers the systemic concentration of IGF-1 available to bind to its receptors on peripheral tissues. Consequently, the downstream signaling pathways responsible for protein synthesis and cellular proliferation become less active, contributing to catabolic states. This compromised signaling cascade is a key driver in age-related physiological deterioration.
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