What is the Origin of Hyponatremia?

The term is a compound derived from the Greek words hypo (under or deficient), natrium (the Neo-Latin name for sodium), and aemia (condition of the blood). The recognition of hyponatremia as a distinct clinical entity arose with the advancement of clinical chemistry and the ability to accurately measure serum electrolytes. Its close association with the regulation of water balance highlights the crucial role of the endocrine system, particularly ADH, in its pathogenesis.

What is the Mechanism of Hyponatremia?

The underlying mechanism often involves an imbalance in the body's water and sodium regulation, frequently linked to inappropriate secretion or action of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. Excessive ADH causes the kidneys to retain too much water, diluting the serum sodium. Other causes include primary polydipsia or significant sodium loss without adequate replacement, all leading to a state of hypotonicity in the extracellular fluid.

Hyponatremia ∞ Area

Hyponatremia

Meaning

Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte disturbance defined clinically by an abnormally low concentration of sodium ions in the blood plasma, typically below 135 milliequivalents per liter. This condition reflects a relative excess of water compared to sodium, leading to a shift of water into cells, which can cause cerebral edema and neurological symptoms. It is a critical finding in clinical practice, often necessitating prompt diagnosis and management to prevent severe complications.