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Hypokalemia

Meaning

Hypokalemia is an electrolyte disturbance characterized by an abnormally low concentration of potassium ions in the circulating blood plasma, typically defined as a serum potassium level below 3.5 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L). Potassium is the principal intracellular cation, and its concentration gradient across the cell membrane is crucial for maintaining cellular membrane potential, which is essential for the function of excitable tissues like nerves and muscles. Clinically, this condition can range from asymptomatic to life-threatening, causing muscle weakness, cardiac arrhythmias, and potential hormonal imbalances.