What is the Origin of Hypertension in Acromegaly?

Acromegaly, derived from the Greek words akron meaning "extremity" and megas meaning "great," describes the enlargement of extremities. The association with hypertension was established through clinical observation and subsequent physiological studies demonstrating the direct and indirect effects of GH and IGF-1 on the cardiovascular system. This link highlights the systemic nature of endocrine pathology.

What is the Mechanism of Hypertension in Acromegaly?

The excessive GH and IGF-1 axis activity contributes to hypertension through multiple complex pathways. These hormones induce sodium and water retention by stimulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, thereby increasing plasma volume. Furthermore, the high levels of IGF-1 can cause structural changes in the vascular walls, increasing peripheral vascular resistance. The resulting volume expansion and vasoconstriction combine to elevate the patient's systemic blood pressure.

Hypertension in Acromegaly

Meaning

Hypertension in acromegaly is the clinical co-morbidity characterized by chronically elevated systemic blood pressure that frequently complicates the endocrine disorder caused by excessive growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) secretion. This secondary form of hypertension is a significant factor contributing to the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in patients with active acromegaly. Effective management of the underlying GH excess is essential for blood pressure control.