What is the Origin of Hyperinsulinemia and Steroidogenesis?

This concept is derived from clinical endocrinology and metabolic research, establishing a critical cross-talk between the insulin signaling pathway and the steroid hormone synthesis pathway. Hyperinsulinemia is the clinical term for excess insulin, and steroidogenesis refers to the biochemical process of creating steroid hormones from cholesterol.

What is the Mechanism of Hyperinsulinemia and Steroidogenesis?

Elevated insulin acts as a growth factor, binding to insulin receptors and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) receptors on ovarian and adrenal cells, stimulating the enzymes necessary for androgen synthesis. Simultaneously, hyperinsulinemia suppresses the liver's production of SHBG, which normally binds and inactivates a portion of circulating sex hormones. The combined effect is an increase in free, biologically active androgens, demonstrating a powerful metabolic influence on hormonal balance.

Hyperinsulinemia and Steroidogenesis ∞ Area

Hyperinsulinemia and Steroidogenesis

Meaning

Hyperinsulinemia and steroidogenesis describes the physiological link where chronically elevated levels of circulating insulin (hyperinsulinemia) directly or indirectly impact the biosynthesis of steroid hormones (steroidogenesis), particularly sex steroids, in the gonads and adrenal glands. This metabolic state, often associated with insulin resistance, can lead to increased androgen production in the ovaries and decreased Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) synthesis in the liver. This linkage is a central feature in the pathophysiology of conditions like Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and can contribute to androgen excess in women.