Human Growth Hormone (HGH), or somatotropin, is a peptide hormone synthesized and secreted by the somatotropic cells of the anterior pituitary gland, playing a critical role in growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration. HGH is essential for stimulating linear growth in childhood and adolescence, but throughout adulthood, its primary function shifts to maintaining lean body mass, bone density, and metabolic function. A clinical decline in HGH production, known as adult growth hormone deficiency, can lead to adverse changes in body composition, energy levels, and cardiovascular risk profile. Therapeutic administration is strictly regulated and reserved for specific clinical deficiencies.
Origin
The term “Human Growth Hormone” directly describes its species-specific nature and its function in promoting somatic growth. The hormone was first isolated from human cadaver pituitary glands in the mid-20th century, with recombinant DNA technology later enabling the production of bio-synthetic HGH (somatropin) for clinical use. The understanding of its endocrine role in stimulating the liver to produce Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) established its systemic significance.
Mechanism
HGH exerts its primary effects through the stimulation of IGF-1 production in the liver and peripheral tissues, a mechanism known as the somatomedin hypothesis. HGH binds to its receptor on target cells, initiating intracellular signaling that leads to increased protein synthesis, enhanced lipolysis (fat breakdown), and reduced glucose uptake by peripheral tissues. This cascade of actions supports tissue repair, promotes muscle accretion, and modulates overall energy metabolism, which are all vital components of longevity and vitality.
Self-administered growth hormone peptides can cause irreversible organ growth, heart disease, and diabetes by disrupting the body's natural hormonal balance.
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