What is the Origin of HPG Axis Disruption?

The term is foundational to reproductive endocrinology, with the HPG axis structure established through decades of research identifying the interconnected hormonal feedback loops. "Disruption" highlights the pathological deviation from the normal pulsatile and feedback-controlled function of this integrated system. The axis's central role in puberty, fertility, and menopause makes its disruption a key diagnostic focus.

What is the Mechanism of HPG Axis Disruption?

Disruption can occur at any level: central, pituitary, or gonadal. Stress, extreme exercise, nutritional deficiencies, and certain medications can suppress hypothalamic GnRH release, leading to secondary hypogonadism. Primary gonadal failure, such as ovarian or testicular damage, results in low sex steroids and a compensatory rise in pituitary gonadotropins due to a loss of negative feedback. The resulting hormonal milieu fails to support normal gamete production and systemic hormone action.

HPG Axis Disruption

Meaning

HPG Axis disruption signifies an imbalance or functional impairment within the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal axis, the primary neuroendocrine system regulating reproductive and sexual function. This disruption can involve inadequate secretion of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus, Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) from the pituitary, or sex steroids from the gonads. The clinical consequences include infertility, menstrual irregularities, and symptoms of hypo- or hyper-gonadism.

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