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HPA Axis Function

Meaning

HPA Axis Function describes the coordinated, bidirectional communication and regulatory activity among the Hypothalamus, Pituitary gland, and Adrenal glands. This neuroendocrine axis is the body’s central stress response system, controlling the release of glucocorticoids, most notably cortisol. Optimal HPA axis function is characterized by a healthy diurnal cortisol rhythm and an appropriate, adaptive response to acute stressors, followed by a rapid return to baseline. Chronic stress, trauma, or underlying inflammatory conditions can lead to HPA axis dysregulation, manifesting as either hyper- or hypo-cortisolism, which profoundly impacts mood, immune function, and metabolic health. Clinical assessment of this axis is fundamental for managing stress-related and hormonal wellness conditions.