What is the Origin of Hormonal Stress Response?

This concept is a cornerstone of endocrinology and stress physiology, originating from the foundational work of Hans Selye on the General Adaptation Syndrome. The term precisely defines the endocrine component of the body's defense system. It is a universally recognized biological phenomenon across vertebrate species, essential for survival.

What is the Mechanism of Hormonal Stress Response?

Upon sensing a stressor, the hypothalamus secretes CRH, which stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH. ACTH travels to the adrenal cortex, prompting the release of cortisol. Simultaneously, the sympathetic nervous system signals the adrenal medulla to release catecholamines. Cortisol then acts on various tissues to increase blood glucose and suppress non-essential functions, while catecholamines increase heart rate and blood pressure. This intricate mechanism ensures a rapid, systemic adjustment to the stressor.

Hormonal Stress Response ∞ Area

Hormonal Stress Response

Meaning

The Hormonal Stress Response is the coordinated release of hormones, primarily glucocorticoids (like cortisol) and catecholamines (like epinephrine and norepinephrine), from the adrenal glands in reaction to a perceived or actual threat or challenge. This essential physiological cascade, mediated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system, is designed to mobilize energy resources and prepare the body for ‘fight or flight.’ While adaptive in the short term, chronic activation of this response is a primary driver of hormonal dysregulation and systemic pathology.