What is the Origin of Hormonal Appetite Regulation?

The recognition of hormonal control over appetite dates back to the "lipostatic theory," which proposed a circulating signal from fat mass to the brain, later identified as leptin. The term 'hormonal' highlights the central role of endocrine messengers in this complex physiological function. Modern endocrinology has expanded this concept to include a complex network of gut peptides and adipokines.

What is the Mechanism of Hormonal Appetite Regulation?

The regulation is governed by two main classes of hormones: orexigenic, which stimulate appetite (e.g., ghrelin), and anorexigenic, which suppress it (e.g., leptin, GLP-1, PYY). Ghrelin rises before meals, signaling hunger, while satiety hormones rise after meals, signaling fullness. All these signals converge on the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, where they modulate the activity of two distinct neuronal populations: those that promote feeding (NPY/AgRP) and those that inhibit it (POMC).

Hormonal Appetite Regulation ∞ Area

Hormonal Appetite Regulation

Meaning

Hormonal appetite regulation is the sophisticated endocrine process by which circulating hormones govern the physiological drives of hunger and satiety. This system integrates signals from the gastrointestinal tract, adipose tissue, and pancreas to inform the brain’s central control centers about the body’s short-term nutrient intake and long-term energy stores. It is a critical component of body weight homeostasis, working to maintain energy balance. Disruptions in this delicate hormonal communication are frequently implicated in the development of obesity and eating disorders.