What is the Origin of HIV Lipodystrophy?

The term combines "HIV" to denote the underlying viral cause, with "lipodystrophy," which is derived from the Greek words lipos (fat), dys (bad or abnormal), and trophē (nourishment or development). This clinical entity was first recognized in the late 1990s as a major side effect of certain classes of early antiretroviral medications.

What is the Mechanism of HIV Lipodystrophy?

The pathophysiology is multifactorial, involving direct toxicity of certain antiretroviral drugs to mitochondria in adipocytes, leading to fat loss and metabolic dysfunction. Chronic inflammation associated with HIV infection itself also contributes to altered fat cell differentiation and increased lipolysis. The resulting changes in adipokine secretion and systemic inflammation further exacerbate insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, creating a state of hormonal and metabolic derangement.

HIV Lipodystrophy ∞ Area

HIV Lipodystrophy

Meaning

HIV Lipodystrophy is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by a distinct and abnormal distribution of body fat, often observed in individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, particularly those receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). The syndrome involves both lipoatrophy (loss of subcutaneous fat) and lipohypertrophy (accumulation of visceral or dorsal fat), accompanied by metabolic abnormalities such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. It represents a significant clinical challenge in long-term HIV care, directly impacting cardiovascular and hormonal health.