What is the Origin of Histone Acetyltransferase?

The study of chromatin structure and gene regulation in the mid-20th century led to the discovery of these enzymes and their role in modulating DNA accessibility. The term combines 'histone,' referring to the protein core of the nucleosome, and 'acetyltransferase,' denoting the enzyme's specific chemical function of transferring an acetyl group. This discovery was pivotal in establishing the field of epigenetics.

What is the Mechanism of Histone Acetyltransferase?

By neutralizing the positive charge of the lysine residue, acetylation weakens the electrostatic interaction between the histone proteins and the negatively charged DNA molecule. This structural relaxation of the chromatin allows transcriptional machinery, including RNA polymerase and various transcription factors, to access the underlying DNA sequence more readily. Many nuclear hormone receptors, such as the estrogen receptor, recruit specific HATs to their target genes to initiate the appropriate endocrine response.

Histone Acetyltransferase ∞ Area

Histone Acetyltransferase

Meaning

Histone Acetyltransferases (HATs) are a class of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl-coenzyme A to specific lysine residues on histone proteins, which are the fundamental components of chromatin. This enzymatic action is a crucial epigenetic modification that generally leads to a less condensed chromatin structure, thereby promoting gene transcription. HATs are essential for regulating gene expression programs related to cellular differentiation, metabolism, and hormonal responsiveness.