What is the Origin of Hippocampal Volume Increase?

This phenomenon is a direct clinical manifestation of adult neurogenesis and structural plasticity, principles established through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in human subjects. Research has consistently demonstrated that certain lifestyle factors and therapeutic interventions can stimulate the creation of new neurons in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus. The observation challenges the historical dogma that the adult brain is structurally static.

What is the Mechanism of Hippocampal Volume Increase?

The increase in volume is driven by the promotion of neurogenesis, the proliferation and survival of new neurons, and enhanced synaptogenesis, the formation of new synaptic connections. Key hormonal and biochemical factors facilitate this process, notably Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and appropriate levels of sex steroids and glucocorticoids. Physical exercise, caloric restriction, and cognitive training are known modulators that stimulate these growth factors.

Hippocampal Volume Increase ∞ Area

Hippocampal Volume Increase

Meaning

A measurable neurobiological change characterized by an expansion in the physical size of the hippocampus, a critical brain structure located in the medial temporal lobe. This increase is clinically significant because the hippocampus is central to the processes of memory consolidation, spatial navigation, and emotional regulation. A larger hippocampal volume is often correlated with enhanced cognitive reserve and resilience against neurodegenerative processes.