What is the Origin of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity?

The term is a synthesis of 'Hippocampal,' referring to the brain structure named for its seahorse-like shape, and 'Synaptic Plasticity,' a concept pioneered in the mid-20th century to explain how experience modifies neural circuits. The discovery of Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus provided the first clear cellular mechanism for this phenomenon.

What is the Mechanism of Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity?

Plasticity is primarily driven by activity-dependent changes at the synapse, often involving the insertion or removal of AMPA receptors and the activation of NMDA receptors, which are crucial for initiating the cellular changes. Neurotrophic factors, such as Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), act as key hormonal regulators, promoting the growth and survival of new synapses and neurons. The endocrine system, particularly through stress hormones and sex steroids, profoundly influences the synthesis and release of these plasticity-promoting factors.

Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity ∞ Area

Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity

Meaning

Hippocampal Synaptic Plasticity refers to the remarkable ability of the synaptic connections within the hippocampus, a brain region critical for memory and spatial navigation, to strengthen or weaken over time in response to changes in neural activity. This dynamic remodeling is the cellular foundation for learning and memory encoding, allowing the brain to adapt and store new information efficiently. Sustaining robust plasticity in this region is a key clinical target for promoting long-term cognitive health and mitigating age-related memory decline.