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Hippocampal Atrophy

Meaning

Hippocampal Atrophy is the clinical term for the measurable reduction in the volume and structural integrity of the hippocampus, a bilateral brain structure essential for memory formation, spatial learning, and emotional regulation. This structural deterioration is a prominent feature in neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer’s disease, and is also closely linked to chronic stress, major depressive disorder, and prolonged hormonal dysregulation, particularly excessive cortisol exposure. The resulting loss of neuronal and synaptic density correlates directly with impaired cognitive function and is considered a critical biomarker of neurobiological decline. Addressing underlying hormonal and metabolic stressors is a key strategy for mitigating this atrophy.