The cellular process where an external stimulus, such as a hormone binding to its receptor, is accurately and robustly converted into a specific intracellular response without significant loss of information or introduction of noise. High fidelity ensures that the intensity and duration of the initial signal are faithfully mirrored in the cellular action. This is essential for precise endocrine control.
Origin
This term originates from engineering principles applied to cellular biology, where signal integrity is paramount for accurate communication. Fidelity denotes the accuracy of the transfer from the extracellular domain across the membrane to the nucleus or cytoplasm. It speaks to the clarity of the biochemical message received.
Mechanism
This requires intact receptor structure, sufficient downstream effector molecules, and unimpaired second messenger systems. For steroid hormones, this involves efficient nuclear translocation and specific DNA binding. In peptide hormone systems, the integrity of the phosphorylation cascade must be maintained to avoid signal attenuation or crosstalk. Inflammation and oxidative stress are known inhibitors of high-fidelity transduction pathways.
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