The cellular and molecular process of tissue regeneration and damage correction that restores the original structure and function of biological components with minimal error or residual scarring. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity, correct protein folding, and optimal tissue architecture, contrasting with low-fidelity repair processes that lead to fibrosis or mutational burden. High-fidelity repair is a hallmark of youthful biological resilience and longevity.
Origin
The term is a conceptual adaptation from molecular biology and genetics, where “fidelity” describes the accuracy of processes like DNA replication and transcription. In a broader physiological context, it emphasizes the precision required for true regenerative medicine, moving beyond mere wound closure to complete functional restoration. This principle underpins strategies aimed at reversing age-related molecular damage.
Mechanism
This process is primarily mediated by robust quality control systems, including specialized DNA repair enzymes, chaperone proteins that ensure correct protein folding, and the autophagy-lysosome pathway for clearing damaged organelles. Hormonal factors, such as Growth Hormone and various tissue-specific peptides, act as signaling molecules to activate these intrinsic repair cascades. The accuracy of the repair minimizes functional degradation and maintains the tissue’s original phenotype.
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