What is the Origin of Hepatocyte Growth Factor?

The term is derived from the specific cell type it was first observed to stimulate: "hepatocytes," which are the main functional cells of the liver. The designation "Growth Factor" denotes its ability to stimulate cell division and proliferation. HGF was discovered in the 1980s as researchers sought the factor responsible for inducing liver cell growth following partial hepatectomy, solidifying its identity as a fundamental regenerative agent.

What is the Mechanism of Hepatocyte Growth Factor?

HGF exerts its biological effects by binding to and activating its high-affinity receptor, known as the c-Met receptor, a transmembrane tyrosine kinase. Upon ligand binding, the c-Met receptor dimerizes and initiates a complex intracellular signaling cascade, predominantly involving the RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT pathways. These pathways collectively promote cell scattering, anti-apoptosis, and angiogenesis, facilitating the migration of repair cells to injury sites and driving tissue remodeling and regeneration across multiple organ systems.

Hepatocyte Growth Factor

Meaning

Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic protein and potent mitogen that acts as a major mediator of tissue regeneration, cellular motility, and morphogenesis, primarily by stimulating cell proliferation and survival. Although initially identified for its role in liver regeneration, HGF is now recognized as a critical paracrine factor active in numerous organs, including the brain, kidney, and muscle. Its clinical significance lies in its powerful regenerative capacity and its potential therapeutic application in tissue repair, wound healing, and neurological recovery. HGF is a key signaling molecule in the body’s intrinsic repair mechanisms.