Question 1

What is the Meaning of Hepatic Stellate Cell?

Accepted Answer

Hepatic stellate cells are pericytes residing in the liver's perisinusoidal space, known as the space of Disse. In their quiescent state, these cells primarily store vitamin A. Upon activation, they transform into myofibroblast-like cells, critically involved in liver fibrosis pathogenesis.

Question 2

What is the Context of Hepatic Stellate Cell?

Accepted Answer

These specialized cells are positioned between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes. In a healthy liver, they maintain a quiescent phenotype, contributing to normal architecture and metabolic functions. Various liver injuries, including chronic viral hepatitis or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, can trigger their activation.

Question 3

What is the Significance of Hepatic Stellate Cell?

Accepted Answer

Activation of hepatic stellate cells is pivotal in chronic liver disease progression, leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Their uncontrolled proliferation and excessive production of extracellular matrix proteins, especially collagen, disrupt normal liver function. Understanding their role is essential for developing therapeutic strategies to manage liver scarring.

Question 4

What is the Mechanism of Hepatic Stellate Cell?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to pro-fibrogenic stimuli like inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, and growth factors such as TGF-β induces a phenotypic shift. This activation involves loss of vitamin A, increased proliferation, enhanced contractility, and heightened synthesis of extracellular matrix components, driving scar tissue formation.

Question 5

What is the Application of Hepatic Stellate Cell?

Accepted Answer

Targeting hepatic stellate cell activation is a significant area for anti-fibrotic therapies in chronic liver diseases. Pharmacological interventions aim to inhibit their activation, promote their apoptosis, or encourage reversion to a quiescent state. These approaches seek to reduce scar tissue accumulation, offering potential treatments for conditions like NASH.

Question 6

What is the Metric of Hepatic Stellate Cell?

Accepted Answer

The impact of hepatic stellate cells is indirectly assessed through markers of liver fibrosis severity. Clinical evaluation includes non-invasive methods such as transient elastography, measuring liver stiffness. Serum biomarkers like hyaluronic acid, TIMP-1, and PIIINP can indicate ongoing fibrogenesis, reflecting activated stellate cell synthetic activity.

Question 7

What is the Risk of Hepatic Stellate Cell?

Accepted Answer

Uncontrolled activation and persistence of hepatic stellate cells pose substantial risk for progressive liver damage, culminating in advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. This pathological process can lead to severe complications, including portal hypertension, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, and increased hepatocellular carcinoma risk. Persistent stellate cell-driven fibrosis may necessitate liver transplantation.

Hepatic Stellate Cell

Meaning

Context

Significance

Mechanism

Application

Metric

Risk

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